ABSTRACT
Background: Supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the availability of components for specimen collection kits to detect SARS-CoV-2. Plastic injection molding offers a rapid and cheap method for mass production of swabs for upper respiratory tract sampling. Local production of virus transport medium increases flexibility to assemble sample collection kits if the medium provides appropriate stability for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Methods: A locally produced virus transport medium and a novel injection molded plastic swab were validated for SARS-CoV-2 detection by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Both components were compared to standard counterparts using viral reference material and representative patient samples. Results: Clinical testing showed no significant differences between molded and flocked swabs. Commercial and in-house virus transport media provided stable test results for over 40 days of specimen storage and showed no differences in test results using patient samples. Conclusions: This collection kit provides new supply chain options for SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Neoplasms , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 Testing , Pandemics , Nasopharynx/chemistry , Specimen Handling/methods , Culture Media , RNA, ViralABSTRACT
Concerns over whether people can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 from food and packaging have caused significant disruption to global food trade. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can remain infectious and detectable on packaging or some foods under certain cold-chain conditions. However, there is minimal evidence that people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 from packaging or from foodborne transmission. Cooking of food will inactivate the virus. Any infectious SARS-CoV-2 present in consumed food would likely be inactivated by stomach acid. Nonetheless, good food hygiene practices are sensible precautions to minimize any possibility of food or packaging acting as a vector for SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT
Aim: For oncolytic virus trials, regulatory agencies often require pharmaceutical industry to evaluate risks of released viruses from patients to environment. This study was to establish a real-time PCR method to assess viral shedding and viral stability in human urine. Results/methodology: Herein, we describe an incubation of viral drug product in human urine and use of real-time PCR as a simple, efficient and high throughput assay to assess the level and stability of a nonenveloped and single stranded RNA virus. The viral stability issue is critical to the collection, transport, storage and testing of clinical samples. Discussion/conclusion: In summary, this simple method provides useful viral stability information at various temperatures and detergents. A similar approach may apply to other RNA viruses (including SARS-CoV-2).
Subject(s)
RNA, Viral/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Virus Diseases/diagnosis , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/virology , Detergents/chemistry , Humans , RNA Stability , RNA, Viral/blood , RNA, Viral/urine , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Temperature , Virus Diseases/virologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the increase of temperature can influence the environmental endurance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: Virus was inoculated on a plastic surface and harvested at predefined time-points in parallel at 20°C-25°C (room temperature; RT) and at 28°C (June temperature; JT). Samples were tested by TCID50 titres on Vero cells. RESULTS: Our results confirm that fomite transmission of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 is possible: the virus reserved its ability to infect cells for up to 84 hours at both RT and JT on a plastic surface, with TCID50 viral titres of 0.67 and 0.25 log10, respectively. At RT, an important reduction in the viral titre, from 4 log10 to 3 log10 TCID50, was observed during the first 24-36 hours. At JT, the same decay was observed more rapidly (between 8 and 12 hours), The rate of viral inactivation by D-value was 24.74 hours at RT and 12.21 hours at JT. CONCLUSIONS: This remarkable difference between the two temperatures suggests that virus vitality can be influenced by the environmental temperature and that the hot season could reduce the probability of COVID-19 transmission.